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USB Type-A / C Interface ​

The Rhino Pi-A1 features one Type-C interface and four USB 3.0 Type-A interfaces.

  • USB 3.0 Type-A interfaces

Supports HOST mode, with a theoretical maximum transfer rate of 5 Gbps.

  • Type-C interface

The Type-C interface supports USB 3.0 OTG and DP output.

Hardware Connection ​

To test the HOST mode function of the USB interface, we can test the basic functions of devices connected to the USB interface and the read/write speed of a USB flash drive.

Basic Functions ​

We can connect card readers, mice, keyboards, and other devices to the USB interface, and test whether the devices are properly recognized and used by plugging and unplugging them.

Note

The following tests are all executed in the integrated system (AidLux). Please refer to the Web Login section to log in to the system.

No Peripherals Connected

Use the lsusb command to view the devices currently recognized by the system.

bash
lsusb

Terminal output example:

bash
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

Peripherals Connected

Connect card readers, mice, keyboards, and other devices to the USB interface, and use the lsusb command to check whether new devices appear.

bash
lsusb

Terminal output example: A USB flash drive device is connected to the USB interface.

bash
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 004 Device 002: ID 0781:55a9 SanDisk Corp.  SanDisk 3.2Gen1
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

By comparing the output information of the two, you can confirm that the newly added USB device is properly recognized. The new device ID is 0781:55a9.

After the USB device is properly recognized, you can use the device to verify its functions.

Read/Write Test ​

Connect a USB flash drive to the USB interface and use the dd command to test the read/write speed of the USB flash drive.

Confirm the Storage Device

Use the lsblk | egrep "sdi|NAME" command to confirm the device name of the USB flash drive.

bash
lsblk | egrep "sdi|NAME"

Terminal output example: Here sdi is the device name of the current USB flash drive. Please replace it according to the actual situation.

bash
NAME    MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sdi       8:128  1 114.6G  0 disk
└─sdi1    8:129  1 114.6G  0 part /media/sdi1

Test Write Performance

bash
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdi bs=1M count=100
  • dd: A command-line tool in Linux systems, used to copy and convert files.
  • if=/dev/zero: Specifies the input file as /dev/zero, a special file that provides an infinite stream of zero bytes.
  • of=/dev/sdi: Specifies the output file as /dev/sdi, the USB flash drive device.
  • bs=1M: Specifies the block size as 1MB.
  • count=100: Specifies copying 100 blocks.

This command writes 100MB of zero bytes to the USB flash drive and displays the write speed.

Terminal output example:

bash
100+0 records in
100+0 records out
104857600 bytes (105 MB, 100 MiB) copied, 0.0451387 s, 2.3 GB/s

Test Read Performance

bash
sudo dd if=/dev/sdi of=/dev/null bs=1M count=100

This command reads 100MB of data from the USB flash drive to /dev/null and displays the read speed.

Terminal output example:

bash
100+0 records in
100+0 records out
104857600 bytes (105 MB, 100 MiB) copied, 0.0260768 s, 4.0 GB/s

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